ABSTRACT
RESUMEN Fundamento: Las personas de edad avanzada requieren atención estomatológica ajustada a su salud bucal. Objetivo: Describir la salud bucal de los ancianos pertenecientes al Hogar Provincial de Sancti Spíritus. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo transversal en el Hogar de ancianos provincial de Sancti Spíritus, entre diciembre de 2019 y agosto 2020. Se seleccionaron 72 ancianos, según criterios de inclusión. Se utilizaron métodos del nivel teórico, empírico y estadístico para estudiar las variables: Enfermedades bucales, factores de riesgo, higiene bucal, nivel de conocimientos sobre salud bucal y autopercepción de salud bucal. Resultados: En los ancianos predominó la enfermedad periodontal (29.4 %) y la disfunción masticatoria (28.6 %); los factores de riesgo que se observaron fueron la alimentación azucarada (12.8 %) y la diabetes mellitus (12.5 %), la higiene bucal deficiente (58.3 %), el nivel de conocimientos malo (51.4 %) y la autopercepción de salud bucal baja (54.2 %). Conclusiones: La salud bucal de los ancianos estudiados se caracterizó por presentar enfermedad periodontal y disfunción masticatoria en casi la tercera parte, con predominio de la alimentación azucarada y la diabetes mellitus como factores de riesgo y más de la mitad presentó higiene bucal deficiente, nivel de conocimientos malo y baja autopercepción de salud bucal.
ABSTRACT Background: Elderly people require dental care adjusted to their oral health. Objective: To describe the oral health of the elderly belonging to the Provincial Home of Sancti Spíritus. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive observational study was carried out in the Provincial Nursing Home of Sancti Spíritus, between December 2019 and August 2020. 72 elderly were selected, according to inclusion criteria. Theoretical, empirical and statistical level methods were used to study the variables: oral diseases, risk factors, oral hygiene, level of knowledge about oral health and self-perception of oral health. Results: In the elderly, periodontal disease (29.4 %) and masticatory dysfunction (28.6 %) predominated; the risk factors that were observed were sugary diet (12.8 %) and diabetes mellitus (12.5 %), poor oral hygiene (58.3%), poor level of knowledge (51.4 %) and low self-perception of oral health (54.2 %). Conclusion: The oral health of the elderly studied was characterized by presenting periodontal disease and masticatory dysfunction in almost a third of them, with a predominance of sugary diets and diabetes mellitus as risk factors, and more than half presented poor oral hygiene, level of poor knowledge and low self-perception of oral health.
Subject(s)
Periodontal Diseases , Oral Health , Dental Care for Aged , Geriatric Dentistry , Homes for the AgedABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction: The progress made in cancer immunotherapy and the clinical response of patients who have undergone this type of therapy have made it the fourth pillar of cancer treatment. Objective: To briefly describe the biological rationale of personalized neoantigen-based cancer immunotherapy, the current perspectives regarding its development, and some of the clinical outcomes achieved with this therapy. Materials and methods: A literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus and EBSCO using the following search strategy: type of articles: original experimental studies, clinical trials, and narrative and systematic reviews addressing methods to identify mutations found in tumors and cancer immunotherapy strategies based on neoantigen-based vaccines; study population: humans and animal models; publication period: January 1989 - December 2019; language: English and Spanish; search terms: "Immunotherapy", "Neoplasms", "Mutation" and "Cancer Vaccines". Results: The initial search started with 1 344 records. Once duplicates were removed (n=176), 780 studies were excluded after reading their abstract and title. The full text of 338 articles was read to confirm which met the inclusion criteria, finally including 73 studies for full analysis. All articles retrieved were published in English and were mainly conducted in the USA (43.83%) and Germany (23.65%). In the case of original studies (n=43), 20 were performed in humans only, 9 in animals only, 2 in both models, and 12 used in silico methodology. Conclusion: Personalized cancer immunotherapy with tumor neoantigen-based vaccines is strongly emerging as a new alternative to treat cancer. However, to achieve its appropriate implementation, it is necessary to use it in combination with conventional treatments, produce more knowledge that helps clarify cancer immunobiology, and reduce the costs associated with its production.
Resumen Introducción. Los avances que se han hecho en inmunoterapia contra el cáncer y la respuesta clínica de los pacientes que han recibido este tipo de terapia la han convertido en el cuarto pilar para el tratamiento del cáncer. Objetivo. Describir brevemente el fundamento biológico de la inmunoterapia personalizada contra el cáncer basada en neoantígenos, las perspectivas actuales de su desarrollo y algunos resultados clínicos de esta terapia. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura en PubMed, Scopus y EBSCO utilizando la siguiente estrategia de búsqueda: tipo de artículos: estudios experimentales originales, ensayos clínicos y revisiones narrativas y sistemáticas sobre métodos de identificación de mutaciones generadas en los tumores y estrategias de inmunoterapia del cáncer con vacunas basadas en neoantígenos; población de estudio: humanos y modelos animales; periodo de publicación: enero de 1989 a julio de 2019; idioma: inglés y español; términos de búsqueda: "Immunotherapy", "Neoplasms", "Mutation" y "Cancer Vaccines". Resultados. La búsqueda inicial arrojó 1 344 registros; luego de remover duplicados (n = 176), 780 fueron excluidos después de leer su resumen y título, y se evaluó el texto completo de 338 para verificar cuáles cumplían con los criterios de inclusión, seleccionándose finalmente 73 estudios para análisis completo. Todos los artículos recuperados se publicaron en inglés, y fueron realizados principalmente en EE. A (43.83%) y Alemania (23.65%). En el caso de los estudios originales (n=43), 20 se realizaron únicamente en humanos, 9 solo en animales, 2 en ambos modelos, y 12 usaron metodología in silico. Conclusión. La inmunoterapia personalizada contra el cáncer con vacunas basadas en neoantígenos tumorales se está convirtiendo de forma contundente en una nueva alternativa para tratar el cáncer. Sin embargo, para lograr su implementación adecuada, es necesario usarla en combinación con tratamientos convencionales, generar más conocimiento que contribuya a aclarar la inmunobiología del cáncer y reducir los costos asociados con su producción.
ABSTRACT
SUMMARY: The Pterygospinous foramen and pterygoalar foramen (crotaphitico-buccinatorius) are variant and atavic formations of the skull base and arise respectively from complete or incomplete idiopathic ossifications of the pterygospinous and pterygoalar ligaments. By proximity with areas of relevance for diagnosis and surgery, such as access pathways to the parapharyngeal and retropharyngeal spaces, it is necessary to be aware of these conditions due to the difficulties generated in surgical maneuvers and the promotion of compressive syndromes of mandibular nerve branches. This study was conducted on 45 samples of dry skulls and disarticulated sphenoid bones belonging to the collection of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares campus, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Our results indicated a total incidence of complete and incomplete pterygospinous and pterygoalar foramen (crotaphitico- buccinatorius) in 15, 5 % (7 skulls), with a higher incidence for the incomplete form of pterygospinous foramen (Civinini foramen) in 4 skulls (8.8 %), with 3 presenting unilaterally and 3 presenting bilaterally. The pterygoalar foramen (crotaphitico-buccinatorius or Hyrtl) was noted bilaterally in 1 of the skulls (2.2 %). The pterygospinous foramen and pterygoalar foramen are important findings, sometimes incidental, of an area of great anatomical expressiveness and pathological occurrences, besides the indispensable and unclear studies of phylogenetic order.
RESUMEN: El foramen pterigoespinoso y el foramen pterigoalar (crotafítico-buccinatorius) son formaciones variantes y atávicas de la base del cráneo y surgen respectivamente de osificaciones idiopáticas completas o incompletas, de los ligamentos pterigoespinoso y pterigoalar. Debido a la proximidad con áreas de relevancia para el diagnóstico y la cirugía, como las vías de acceso a los espacios parafaríngeo y retrofaríngeo, es necesario conocer estas condiciones por las dificultades que se generan en las maniobras quirúrgicas. Este estudio se realizó en 45 muestras de cráneos secos y huesos esfenoides desarticulados pertenecientes a la colección de la Universidad Federal de Juiz de Fora, campus Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Nuestros resultados indicaron una incidencia total de foramen pterigoespinoso y pterigoalar completo e incompleto (crotafítico-buccinatorius) en el 15,5 % (7 cráneos), con una mayor incidencia de la forma incompleta de foramen pterigoespinoso (agujero de Civinini) en 4 cráneos (8,8 %), con 3 de presentación unilateral y 3 de presentación bilateral. El foramen pterigoalar (crotaphitico-buccinatorius o Hyrtl) se observó bilateralmente en 1 de los cráneos (2,2 %). El foramen pterigoespinoso y pterigoalar son hallazgos importantes, a veces incidentales, de un área de gran expresividad anatómica y ocurrencias patológicas, además de los estudios indispensables y poco claros de orden filogenético.
Subject(s)
Humans , Sphenoid Bone/anatomy & histology , Ligaments/anatomy & histology , Skull Base , Foramen Ovale/anatomy & histologyABSTRACT
Monitoring literature on the broad spectrum of the human immune response to SARS-CoV-2 is important to understand the mechanisms and progression of COVID-19. The present study undertakes a scoping review of the literature on human immune response to SARS-CoV-2 to determine the characteristics of innate and adaptive responses, as well as biomarkers and cells that play a role in the development of the infection. We searched papers in MEDLINE/PUBMED and EMBASE databases published since December 1st 2019 to to April 9th 2020 from which we selected 56 for this study. We found that the immune response is characterized by high levels of acute phase reactants, neutrophilia, low levels of NKs and eosinophils, lymphopenia, cytokine storm syndrome, exhausted T cells, impaired cytotoxic response, inadequate helper response and production of specific antibodies; concluding that immune dysregulation correlates with disease severity and high mortality.
El seguimiento de la literatura sobre la respuesta inmune humana al SARS-CoV-2 es importante para comprender los mecanismos y la progresión de COVID-19. En el presente estudio se realizó un Scoping Review de la literatura sobre la respuesta inmune humana al SARS-CoV-2 para determinar las características de la respuesta inmune innata y adaptativa, así como biomarcadores y células que juegan un papel en el desarrollo de la infección. Buscamos artículos en las bases de datos MEDLINE / PUBMED y EMBASE publicados desde el 1 de diciembre de 2019 hasta el 9 de abril de 2020, de los cuales seleccionamos 56 publicaciones para este estudio. Encontramos que la respuesta inmune se caracteriza por altos niveles de reactantes de fase aguda, neutrofilia, bajos niveles de NKs y eosinófilos, linfopenia, síndrome de tormenta de citoquinas, linfocitos T agotados, respuesta citotóxica alterada, respuesta T helper inadecuada y producción de anticuerpos específicos. En conclusión, el desequilibrio inmune se correlaciona con la severidad y la mortalidad de la enfermedad.
Subject(s)
Humans , COVID-19 , Severity of Illness Index , Review Literature as Topic , Biomarkers , SARS-CoV-2 , Immunity , Infections , AntibodiesABSTRACT
Resumo Introdução O trismo é uma restrição na abertura bucal de até 3,5 cm e é um dos efeitos colaterais mais comuns da radioterapia na região da cabeça e pescoço. Tal condição afeta funções cotidianas simples, como: mastigar, deglutir, falar e até exercer higiene bucal, acarretando danos não só físicos como emocionais aos indivíduos acometidos. Evidencia-se assim a necessidade da busca de tratamentos que revertam ou atenuem tal quadro. Objetivo O objetivo do estudo é investigar o comportamento dos músculos masseter e supra-hioideos durante a deglutição antes e após o crioalongamento associado à massoterapia, em pacientes pós-neoplasia bucal com trismo devido à radioterapia. Material e método A amostra final foi constituída por oito sujeitos, com faixa etária entre 40 e 64 anos, gêneros masculino e feminino, com abertura bucal menor ou igual a 3,5 cm. Para a realização da pesquisa, foram realizadas duas avaliações eletromiográficas, uma no início e outra no final do tratamento. Com 15 atendimentos, uma vez por semana, com manobras de crioalongamento associado à massoterapia nos músculos masseter e grupo muscular dos supra-hioideos. Resultado Após a intervenção com crioalongamento e massoterapia, foi observada diferença significativa apenas no comportamento do grupo muscular dos supra-hioideos, fato não constatado no músculo masseter. Conclusão Foi encontrada diferença significativa no comportamento do grupo muscular supra-hioideo e melhora na abertura de boca dos sujeitos. Contudo, os resultados deste estudo devem ser confirmados em casuísticas maiores.
Abstract Introduction Trismus is a restriction in the buccal opening up to 3.5cm and is one of the most frequent side effect of head and neck regions radiotherapy. This condition affects simple daily activities such as chewing, swallowing speaking and even buccal hygiene, leading to not only physical but emotional damages to the subjects. This puts in evidence the need to find treatments to revert or soften this condition. Objective This study investigates the behavior of masseter and suprahyoid muscles during swallowing before and after the cryotherapy associated to the massage in patients post buccal neoplasm with trismus due to radiotherapy. Material and method The final sample was composed of 8 subjects, aged between 40 an 64 years, both female and male with buccal opening equal to or smaller than 3.5cm. Two electromyographic evaluations were conducted to perform this research, one in the beginning and one in the end of the treatment. The study was composed of 15 treatment sessions, once a week, consisting of cryotherapy maneuvers and massage in masseters and supra-hyoids muscle groups. Result There was a significant difference in the behavior of the supra-hyoid muscles group, this fact was not observed in the masseter muscles group. Conclusion The study concluded that after the intervention with cryotherapy and massage sessions, was observed a significant difference in the behavior of the upperhyoid muscles group and an improvement of the subjects' mouth opening capacity. However, the results of this study must be confirmed in a larger sample size.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Trismus , Mouth Neoplasms , Cryotherapy , Massage , Health Impact AssessmentABSTRACT
RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar o impacto do exercício isocinético "sucção da língua contra o palato" na região cervical em participantes Classe I e Classe II/2.ª Divisão, considerando a média e a simetria do Root Means Square (RMS) dos músculos supra-hióideos e suboccipitais, e relatos sensoriais cervicais. Método: Onze participantes Classe I e 19 Classe II/2.ª Divisão, ambos os gêneros, média de idade 33,4 ±14,1 anos. Para análise da média do RMS e da simetria, realizou-se eletromiografia dos músculos suboccipitais e supra-hióideos, bilateralmente, no repouso e na sucção de água nas fases inicial, intermediária e final. A sensação cervical foi avaliada qualitativamente durante os exercícios. Resultados: A média do RMS não apresentou diferença entre Classes (p=0,7), mas revelou, na fase intermediária, elevação na musculatura suboccipital (p=0,0001) e diminuição na musculatura supra-hióidea. Na simetria, a musculatura supra-hióidea mostrou diferença significativa entre classes (p=0,0001) durante a fase intermediária. No participante Classe I, foi restabelecida a simetria na fase final, fato que não ocorreu na Classe II/2.ª Divisão. Em relação à sensação cervical, somente os Classe II/2.ª Divisão apresentaram queixas expressivas. Conclusão: O exercício isocinético de sucção da língua contra o palato repercutiu de forma expressiva com relatos de desconforto e dor cervical nos participantes Classe II/2.ª Divisão. Na média do RMS, não houve diferença entre as classes, mas, na fase intermediária, a musculatura suboccipital apresentou elevação de atividade significativa. A simetria na musculatura supra-hióidea teve diferença significativa entre as classes e assimetria na fase intermediária.
ABSTRACT Purpose: To compare the impact of isokinetic exercise (tongue suction on the palate) in the cervical region of Class I and Class II / 2nd Division participants, considering the average and the symmetry of Root Means Square (RMS) of suprahyoid and suboccipital muscles and cervical sensory reports. Method: 11 participants Class I and 19 Class II / 2nd Division, both genders, mean age 33.4 ± 14.1 years. For the analysis of RMS average and symmetry, electromyography was performed in the suboccipital and suprahyoid muscles, bilaterally, at rest and suction of water in the initial, intermediate and final phases. The cervical sensation was evaluated qualitatively during the exercises. Results: the mean RMS did not differ between Classes (p=0.7), but showed an increase in the intermediate phase in the suboccipital musculature (p=0.0001) and decrease in the suprahyoid musculature. In symmetry, the suprahyoid musculature showed a significant difference between classes (p=0.0001) during the intermediate phase. In the Class I participant the symmetry was reestablished in the final phase, a fact that did not occur in Class II / 2nd Division. Regarding the cervical sensation, only the Class II / 2nd Division had expressive complaints. Conclusion: The Isokinetic suctioning exercise of the tongue against the palate, had an expressive repercussion with reports of discomfort and neck pain in the Class II / 2nd Division participants. On average RMS, there was no difference between the classes, but in the intermediate phase, the suboccipital muscles showed a significant increase in the activity. Symmetry in the suprahyoid musculature had a significant difference between the classes and asymmetry in the intermediate phase.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Tongue/physiology , Tongue/physiopathology , Exercise , Neck Muscles/physiology , Electromyography , Exercise Therapy , Resistance Training/methods , Middle AgedABSTRACT
RESUMEN Fundamento: La calidad de la atención estomatológica está caracterizada en el proceso y factores que intervienen en la prestación de los servicios, dirigidos a alcanzar buenos resultados en lo que a salud bucal se refiere. Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad de la atención estomatológica de dos servicios de Estomatología General Integral de la provincia Sancti Spíritus. Metodología: Se Realizó una investigación en sistema y servicio de salud en la provincia Sancti Spíritus de enero a noviembre del 2016. De las 21 unidades asistenciales que prestan el servicio de Estomatología General Integral, se eligieron dos, una de la zona urbana y otra de la zona rural. El muestreo aleatorio simple fue el proceder que se empleó para efectuar esta elección en cada zona. El Policlínico Tipo II del municipio Cabaiguán fue la unidad seleccionada en la zona urbana y la Clínica Estomatológica Banao del municipio Sancti Spíritus en la zona rural. La muestra fueron 388 pacientes y 24 estomatólogos. Las variables: calidad del servicio, estructura, proceso y resultado, se utilizaron métodos del nivel teórico, empírico (encuesta) y de la estadística descriptiva. Resultados: En el servicio rural los pacientes estuvieron satisfechos en un 57.8 % y en el urbano en un 51.9 %; los profesionales se mostraron medianamente satisfechos en ambos servicios con 50.0 % y 71.4 % respectivamente. Conclusiones: La calidad de la atención estomatológica en la zona urbana fue evaluada de bien y en la rural de regular. Algunos indicadores de las variables estructura y resultado se identificaron con dificultad.
ABSTRACT Background: The quality of dental care is characterized in the process and factors that interfere in the provision of services, aimed at achieving good results in terms of oral health. Objective: To evaluate the quality of dental care of two General Comprehensive Stomatology services in Sancti Spíritus province. Methodology: An investigation was carried out on the system and health service in Sancti Spíritus province from January to November 2016. From 21 health care units that provide General Comprehensive Stomatology service, two were chosen, one from the urban area and the other from the rural one. The procedure used to make this choice in each zone was the Simple random sample. The Type II Polyclinic in Cabaiguán was the selected unit from the urban area and the Dental Clinic Banao in Sancti Spíritus, from the rural one. The sample consisted of 388 patients and 24 dentists. The variables: quality of service, structure, process and result, methods of theoretical, empirical (survey) and descriptive statistics were used. Results: From the rural service the patient's satisfaction represents 57.8 % and from the urban one 51.9 %; the professional's satisfaction was moderately in both services which represent 50.0 % and 71.4 % respectively. Conclusions: The quality of dental care from the urban area was evaluated as good and from the rural area as regular. Some indicators of the structure and outcome variables were identified with difficulty.
Subject(s)
Humans , Quality of Health Care , Oral Health/ethics , Patient SatisfactionABSTRACT
Objetivo. Describir los resultados clínicos y quirúrgicos de la colecistectomía por laparoscopia, en pacientes con colecistitis subaguda hospitalizados en una institución universitaria de alta complejidad. Metodología. Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo de pacientes adultos con diagnóstico de colecistitis subaguda, intervenidos con colecistectomía por laparoscopia, que fueron hospitalizados en una institución universitaria de alto nivel de complejidad entre enero y diciembre de 2014. Se evaluaron sus características sociodemográficas, clínicas, del procedimiento, las complicaciones operatorias y a los 30 días, así como la estancia hospitalaria. Resultados. Se analizaron 184 pacientes con un promedio de edad de 59 años (DE=19,34), el 61 % de sexo femenino. La mayoría de los pacientes (69%) tenían hallazgos intraoperatorios correspondientes a plastrón, piocolecisto, necrosis y perforación. En 13 % de los pacientes fue necesaria la conversión a cirugía abierta, y entre las complicaciones se presentó sangrado operatorio en 13 %, fístula biliar en 2,7 % y lesión de la vía biliar en 0,5 %. La mortalidad intrahospitalaria fue del 1,1 %. Concusiones. La colecistectomía laparoscópica es un procedimiento seguro con una baja tasa de complicaciones, incluso, cuando se practica en casos con más de 72 horas de iniciados los síntomas. Es indispensable que dicho procedimiento sea realizado por un grupo con gran experiencia en cirugía laparoscópica
Objective: To report the clinical results of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with subacute cholecystitis hospitalized at a high complexity level of care university hospital in Medellín, Colombia.Methodology: A retrospective descriptive study was carried out in adult patients diagnosed with subacute cholecystitis who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy between January and December 2014. Sociodemographic, clinical, procedural characteristics, intraoperative complications at 30 days, as well as the hospital stay, were evaluated. Results: A total of 184 patients met the inclusion criteria, with a mean age of 59 years, predominantly female (61%); open surgery conversion rate was 13%, intraoperative bleeding 13%, biliary fistula 2.7%, bile duct injury 0.5%, and global mortality 1.1%. Conclusions: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a safe procedure with a low rate of complications, even when performed in patients with more than 72 hours of symptom onset. It is essential that this procedure be performed by a group with high experience in laparoscopic surgery
Subject(s)
Humans , Gallbladder , Cholelithiasis , Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic , Cholecystitis, AcuteABSTRACT
El tumor del estroma gastrointestinal (Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor, GIST), localizado en el apéndice, constituye una entidad poco frecuente. Su cuadro clínico e imaginológico es indistinguible de una apendicitis aguda, por lo que su diagnóstico definitivo está dado por el estudio histopatológico e inmunohistoquímico. El tratamiento estándar es la apendicectomía. El propósito de este artículo es la presentación de un caso clínico y la revisión de la literatura.
The gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) located in the appendix is a rare entity. It is clinical indistinguishable from acute appendicitis, so definitive diagnosis is given by the histopathological and immunohistochemical studies. The standard treatment is appendectomy. The purpose of this article is presenting a case study and review of the literature.
Subject(s)
Appendix , Appendectomy , Appendicitis , Gastrointestinal Stromal TumorsABSTRACT
Objetivo: validar la entrevista diagnóstica para estudios genéticos (DIGS 3.0) en Colombia. Métodos: se hicieron dos traducciones del inglés al español del DIGS y se hizo traducción en sentido inverso (al inglés) de cada una. Un comité de revisión verificó la equivalencia translingüística y transcultural. Se evaluó la confiabilidad examen-reexamen e interevaluador del DIGS 3.0 en 65 y 91 pacientes, respectivamente, mediante el cálculo de kappa de Cohen. Resultados: el DIGS 3.0 mostró ser comprensible, con validez de apariencia y de contenido. La confiabilidad interevaluador fue excelente para esquizofrenia (kapa=0,81, IC95%: 0,68-0,93), trastorno bipolar (kapa=0,87, IC95%: 0,75-0,99), trastorno depresivo mayor (kapa=0,86, IC95%: 0,7- 1) y ausencia de trastorno psiquiátrico (kapa=0,88, IC95%: 0,71-1); fue buena para otro diagnóstico psiquiátrico (kapa=0,65, IC95%: 0,41-0,89) y pobre para trastorno esquizoafectivo (kapa=0,37, IC95%: -0,02-0,76). La confiabilidad examen-reexamen fue excelente para todos los diagnósticos (kapa>0,8), excepto para otro diagnóstico psiquiátrico (kapa=0,64, IC95%: 0,31-0,96), donde fue buena. Conclusiones: la versión en español del DIGS para Colombia mostró comprensibilidad, validez de apariencia y de contenido, y confiabilidad examen-reexamen e interevaluador. Es una herramienta útil para estudios genéticos en esquizofrenia y en trastornos afectivos.
An interview tool, Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies (DIGS 3.0), was translated into Spanish for application in studies of psychiatric disorders in Colombia. Two Spanish translations of the original English version of DIGS were prepared and backtranslated into English. A review committee verified the linguistic and cultural equivalence of the translations. The evaluator and test-retest reliability were assessed calculating Cohens kappa for samples of 65 and 91 patients respectively. DIGS proved valid in both appearance and content. The confidence interval (C.I.) was excellent for schizophrenia (kappa=0.81, C.I. 95% = 0.68-0.93), bipolar disorder (kappa=0.87, C.I. 95% = 0.75-0.99), major depressive disorder (kappa=0.86, C.I. 95% = 0.70-1.00), and for a normal diagnosis (kappa=0.65, C.I. 95% = 0.41-0.89); it was good for other psychiatric diagnosis (kappa=0.65, C.I. 95% = 0.41-0.89) and poor for schizoaffective disorder (kappa=0.37, C.I. 95% = -0.02-0.76). Test-retest reliability was excellent for all diagnoses (kappa>0.8), except for "other psychiatric diagnoses" (kappa=0.64, C.I. 95% = 0.31-0.96). The Spanish translation of the DIGS was comprehensible, with face and content validity, and good test-retest and evaluator reliability. This translation will be a useful tool for genetic studies of psychiatric disorders in Latin America, particularly where schizophrenia and affective disorders are involved.